Parenting Styles and Behavioural Disorders among Senior Secondary II Adolescents in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria.
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examined parenting styles and adolescent behavioural disorder among Senior Secondary II adolescents in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The study focused on the influence of parenting styles on two dimensions of adolescent behavioural disorder, namely aggressive behavioural disorder and depressive behavioural disorder. Data were collected from Senior Secondary II adolescents using a structured Parental style and Adolescents’ Behaviour Disorders Questionnaire (PSABDQ) developed to measure parenting styles, aggressive behavioural disorder and depressive behavioural disorder. The instrument was subjected to validation by experts in relevant fields, while its internal consistency was established through a reliability test. Data collected were analysed using appropriate inferential statistics at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that parenting styles significantly influence adolescents' aggressive behavioural disorder. The findings also showed that parenting styles significantly influence adolescents' depressive behavioural disorder. The results indicate that the nature and quality of parental interaction, discipline, supervision, communication, warmth and emotional support are associated with adolescents' behavioural and emotional adjustment. The study concluded that parenting styles are important factors in understanding aggressive and depressive behavioural disorders among adolescents in Calabar Education Zone. It was recommended, among others, that parents should adopt supportive and balanced parenting practices that combine appropriate discipline with warmth, open communication, supervision and emotional support. Schools should also strengthen parent education and counselling programmes to help parents identify and address behavioural and emotional difficulties among adolescents.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in TJESDS are under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows others to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — Proper credit must be given to the original author(s) and source, including a link to the license.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
For more information, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How to Cite
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296–3319. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131780
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs, 4(1, Pt. 2), 1–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372
Card, N. A., Stucky, B. D., Sawalani, G. M., & Little, T. D. (2008). Direct and indirect aggression during childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis of gender differences, intercorrelations, and relations to maladjustment. Child Development, 79(5), 1185–1229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01184.x
Chiebuka, P., Ndukuba, A., &Abasiubong, F. (2020). Aggressive behaviour among in-school adolescents in a developing country: Patterns and associated factors. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 34(4), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2020-0027
Clayborne, Z. M., Kingsbury, M., Sampasa-Kinyaga, H., Sikora, L., Lalande, K. M., & Colman, I. (2021). Parenting practices in childhood and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56, 619–638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01956-z
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021800432380
Goagoses, N., Bolz, T., Eilts, J., Schipper, N., Schütz, J., Rademacher, A., Vesterling, C., & Koglin, U. (2023). Parenting dimensions/styles and emotion dysregulation in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Current Psychology, 42, 18798–18822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03037-7
Gorostiaga, A., Aliri, J., Balluerka, N., & Lameirinhas, J. (2019). Parenting styles and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17), 3192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173192
Khaleque, A. (2013). Perceived parental warmth, and children's psychological adjustment, and personality dispositions: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9579-z
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 1–101). New York, NY: Wiley.
Masud, H., Ahmad, M. S., Cho, K. W., & Fakhr, Z. (2019). Parenting styles and aggression among young adolescents: A systematic review of literature. Community Mental Health Journal, 55(6), 1015–1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00400-0
Morris, A. S., Cui, L., & Steinberg, L. (2007). Parenting practices for emotional and physical health. In A. S. Morris & L. A. Simons (Eds.), Handbook of parenting. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Nwufo, J., Eze, J. E., Chukwuorji, J. B., Orjiakor, C. T., &Ifeagwazi, C. M. (2023). Parenting styles contributes to overt aggression, but age and gender matters. European Review of Applied Psychology, 73(5), 100852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2022.100852
Rakhshani, T., Hamid, S., Kamyab, A., et al. (2022). The effect of parenting style on anxiety and depression in adolescent girls aged 12–16 years. Heliyon, 8(11), e11478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11478
Rohner, R. P., & Khaleque, A. (2010). Perceived teacher acceptance, perceived parental acceptance, and the psychological adjustment of school-going youth. Cross-Cultural Research.
Schlomer, G. L., & Lippold, M. A. (2023). Mothering vs. fathering? Positive parenting vs. negative parenting? Their relative importance in predicting adolescent aggressive behavior: A longitudinal comparison. 59(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001442
Smetana, J. G. (2017). Current research on parenting styles, dimensions, and beliefs. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.012
Soenens, B., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control: Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30(1), 74–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.11.001
Steinberg, L. (2017). Adolescence (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
World Health Organization. (2024). Mental health of adolescents. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Yang, P., Lippold, M. A., & Schlomer, G. L. (2022). Longitudinal within-family association between parental monitoring and adolescent aggressive behaviors: Mothering versus fathering. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 42(7), 885–913. https://doi.org/10.1177/02724316221078828
Zhang, W., & Wang, Z. (2023). Parenting styles and adolescents' problem behaviors: The mediating effect of adolescents' self-control. Psychological Reports, 126(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221105216