Private Security Organizations and Policing in 21st -Century Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper examines the role of private security organizations in policing 21st-century Nigeria. It utilized exploratory research analysis drawing strength majorly from secondary data, including books, journals, internet resources, etc. The paper employed the third-party policing perspective as the theoretical framework of analysis. The paper posits that the role of private security organizations in policing in Nigeria is under-explored and inadequate, thereby undermining the critical role of the sector in national security architecture. The paper recommends among others the integration of private security organizations in national security designs and policies because of their crucial role in policing in Nigeria and government should legislate laws enabling them to bear firearms.
Downloads
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
All articles published in TJESDS are under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows others to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially
Under the following terms:
Attribution — Proper credit must be given to the original author(s) and source, including a link to the license.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
For more information, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How to Cite
References
Abrahamsen, R., & Williams, M. C. (2005). The globalization of private security: report of Nigeria.
http://users.aber.ac.uk/rbh/Private_Security/Country%20Report_Nigeria.pdf.
Adepegba, A., Odeniyi, S., Angula, S., Isenyo, G., Habib, G., & Damilola, A. (2022). Kuje invasion: ISWAP claims responsibility, frees Kaduna train attack masterminds.
https://www.punchng.com/topics/news/kuje-invasion-iswap-claimsresponsibility-frees- Kaduna-train-attack-masterminds/
Ahmadu-Suka, M., Auwal, A., & Adebayo, I. (2024). ACF urges action as Lakurawa kills 15 in Kebbi. https://dailytrust.com/acf-urges-action-as-lakurawa-kills-15-in-kebbi/
Anyanwu, D. (2012). The state of private security companies in Trinidad and Tobago: Towards the development of a governance system. Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 6 (1 &2), 45-66.
ASIS International. (2009). International glossary of security terms. http://www.asisonline.org/library/glossary/index.xml.
Asomah, J. Y. (2017). Understanding the development of private policing in South Africa. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, 10(1), 61-82
Ayitogo, N. (2022). Kaduna train attack: Timeline of events three weeks after incident without decisive action by govt. https://premiumtimesng.com/nes/top-news/524593-
kaduna-train-attack-timeline-of-events-three-weeks-after-incident-without-decisiveaction-by-govt/
Bayley, D. H., & Shearing, C. D. (2001). The new structure of policing: Descriptions, conceptualization, and research agenda. National Institute of Justice Research Report, United States Department of Justice.
Buerger, M. E., & Mazerolle, L. G. (1998) Third-party policing: A theoretical analysis of the emerging trend. Justice Quarterly, 15(2), 301-328 DOI: 10.1080/0748829800093761.
Carballido, G. A. (2008). Seguridad pública y privada en América Latina. Presentation prepared for the Organization of American States Working Group charged with preparing the first OAS ministerial meeting on public security in the Americas.
http://int.search.myway.com/search/GGmain.jhtml?searchfor=Carballido+on+private+se curity+2008&
Cherney, A. (2008). Harnessing the crime control capacities of third party policing: Policing An International Journal of Police strategies and management, 31(4). 831-647
Chinwokwu, E. C. (2018). A study of private security companies and crime control in Lagos metropolis. Unpublished PhD Thesis Presented to the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Chinwokwu, E. C. (2018). An assessment of the relationship between private security companies and the police in crime prevention in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 20(1), 80-93 https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355718756413
Cunningham, W.C., Strauchs, J. J., Van Meter, C. W., & Hallcrest. (1990). Private security trends 1970-2000: The Hallcrest report II. Buttermort-Heinemann
Deflem, M., & Hauptman, S. (2015). Policing. In James D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences (2nd ed.), (pp.260-265). Elsevier Ltd.
Ephraim, P. (2023). Nigeria ranks second in Africa organized Crime Index 2023 https://www.leadershi.ng/nigeria-ranks-second-in-africa-organized-crime-index2023/
Gurcia, A., & Manning, R. (2007). The OECD DAC handbook in security system reform: Supporting security and justice. Paris: OECD Publications.
Igbo, E. U. M., & Chinwokwu, E. C. (2020). The privatization of security and the participation of private security companies in crime control in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research, 6(5), 10-24
Institute For Economic and Peace. (2021). Global peace index 2021. https://reliefweb.int/reportworld/global-peace-index-2-21/
International Crisis Group. (2017). Herders against farmers: Nigeria’s expanding deadly conflict. Africa Report No. 252. International Crisis Group.
Kasali, M. A. (2011). Analyzing the evolution of private security guards and their limitations to security management in Nigeria. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. 5(1&2), 32-48.
Katemba, M. (2022). The effectiveness of private security companies in crime prevention: A case study of Lilongwe city. https://dr.ur.acrw/handle/123456789/1754
Lalic, V., Ceranic, P., & Sikimic, M. (2019). Private and/or corporate security: Are there conceptual similarities and differences? Journal of Security and Criminal Sciences, 1(1), 51-65
Martin, P. (2017). Nigeria vigilante fight Boko Haram one bullet at a time. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa/41097440/nigeria-vigilante-fight-bokoharam-one-bullet-at-a-time
Mazerolle, L. & Ransey, J. (2006). The case for third-party policing. In Weisburd & Anthony A. Braga (Eds.), Police innovations, contrasting perspective, (pp.191-206), Cambridge University Press DOI: 1017/CBO9780511489334.010
Mazerolle, L., Higginson, A., & Eggins, E. (2016). Protocol: Third party policing for reducing crime and disorder: A systematic review: The Campbell Collaboration Library of systematic reviews, 9, The Campbell Collaborations
National Academies of Science. (2017). Committee of pro-active policing: Efforts on crime, communities and civil liberties. The National Academies Press
Obiezu, T. (2021). Nigerian state closes schools after 140 students kidnapped. http://www.voanews.com/nigerian-state-closes-schools-after-140-studenskidnapped/
Omotosho, O. & Aderinto, A. A. (2012). Assessing the performance of corporate private security organizations in crime prevention in Lagos state, Nigeria. Journal of Physical Security, 6(1), 73-90
Owosu, G., Owusu, A. Y., Oteng-Ababio, M., Wrigley-Asante, C., & Agyapong, I. (2016). An assessment of household perceptions of private security companies and crime in urban Ghana. Crime Science: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5(5), 1-22
Oyebade, W. (2023, November 24). Nigeria ranks 144 out of 163 in the safest country ranking for 2023. https://guardian.ng/mews/Nigeria-ranks-144-out-of-163-insafest- country-ranking-for-2023/.
Oyemwinmina, C., & Aibieyi, S. (2016). Analysis towards effective policing in Nigeria. Africa Research Review: An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia. 10(1), 61-72
Palmitto, M. J., & Unnithan, N. P. (2011). Policing society; A global approach. Delmer Cengage Learning
Plessis, A. D. (2010). The global code of conduct for private security companies: why it matters to humanitarian organisations. Humanitarian Exchange Magazine. Issue 47 June. http://www.odiphn.org/humanitarian.exchange.magazine/issue
47/humanitarian+security+management/
Richard, A., &. Smith, H. (2007). Addressing the role of private security companies within security sector reform programme. Journal of Security Sector Reform, 5 (1), 1-29. http://www.ssronline.org.
Ruddell, R., Thomas, M. O., & Pattern, R. (2010). Examining the roles of the police and private security officers in urban social control. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 13(1), 54-69
Shaibu, M. T., Ekwe, C. E., & Victor, O. D. (2024). The impact of Amotekun armed operatives on insecurity reduction in Ondo state Nigeria. Journal of Political Discourse 2(2), 150-160
Sasu, D. D. (2023). States most affected by Boko Haram’s deadly attacks in Nigeria from 2011-2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1197570/states-most-affected-byboko- harams-deadly attacks-in-Nigeria-from-2011-2023/
SBM Intelligence. (2023). The economics of Nigeria’s kidnap industry: Follow the money. https://www.sbmintel.com/2023/08/the-economics-of-nigerias-kidnapping-industryfollow-the-money/
Statista Research Department. (2024). Ranking of the 20 countries with the least peace in the world according to the Global Peace Index 2024 https://www.statista.com/statitistics/273160/countries-with-the-least-peaceworldwide/
Strom, K., Berzofsky, M., Shook-sa, B., Barrick, K., Daye, C., Horstmann, N., & Kinsey, S. (2010). The private security industry: A review of the definitions, available data sources, and paths moving forward. The Bureau of Justice Statistics
Suchi, P. M. (2017). Regulation of private security companies and suitable policing in Nigeria. Sociology Study, 7(3), 146-159 Doi:10.17265/2159-5526/2017.03.003
The Conversation (2021). Nigeria’s poverty profile is grim: It’s time to move beyond the handouts. https://www.theconversation.com/nigerias-poverty-profile-is-grim-itstime-to-move-beyond-the-handouts/
Ubanagu, M. (2023, June 19). 71 million Nigerians extremely poor – world poverty clock. https://punchng.com/71-million-Nigerians-extremely-poor-world-poverty-clock/
Yomi, N. (2018). Nigeria has become the poverty capital of the world. https://qz.com/africa/1313380/nigeria-has-become-the-poverty-capital-of-theworld/