Transdisciplinary Journal of Education & Sustainable Development Studies
The Transdisciplinary Journal of Education and Sustainable Development Studies (TJESDS) is an open-access, peer-reviewed platform dedicated to advancing knowledge and practice in education and sustainability. As the climate crises grow increasingly complex and the need for integrated and inclusive research has never been more urgent. TJESDS emerges in response to this need, embracing a holistic vision rooted in sustainability. Thus, the journal has its core mandate in the following areas. The Environmental and Health Perspective serves as a foundational pillar, highlighting the interdependence between ecological systems and human well-being. The journal encourages research on biodiversity, climate change, pollution, environmental health risks, and sustainable natural resource management- especially as they affect public health outcomes.
Department of Education Geography and Sustainable Development Studies, College of Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria
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Workload As Correlate Of Teachers’ Job Effectiveness In Public Primary Schools In Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria
The purpose of this study was to investigate workload as correlate of teachers’ job effectiveness in public primary schools in Ikom Education Zone of Cross Rive State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study six hypotheses were formulated to guide it. Correlational research design was adopted for the study. This design was considered appropriate because it allows the researcher to describe the strength and direction of a relationship between variables. A total of four hundred and thirty-six (268) respondents’ was used for the study. The questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. The reliability estimate of the instruments was established through cronbach Alpha reliability method. The reliability coefficient ranges from 0.75 to 0.89 which was high enough. Regression analysis, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent t-test analysis were the statistical technique employed to test the hypotheses under study. Each hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that, class size of students and administrative significantly predict teachers’ job effectiveness in public primary schools in Ikom Education Zone. Based on the findings, it was recommended that among others that government should build more classrooms and employ more qualified teaches so as to reduce students’ class population and reduce teachers’ work load. In this way, teachers’ work quality will be enhanced. Ministry of Education to reconsider pupil-teacher ratio and relook into the staffing pattern in primary schools. Primary school teachers need to specialize in a maximum of two subjects to enhance effective classroom teaching. School administrators should delegate noninstructional duties to non-teaching staff to improve teachers' instructional effectiveness.
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Teaching Methods and Student Engagement in Geography: Implications for Social Studies Education in Calabar, Nigeria
The purpose of this study was to investigate teaching methods and student engagement in Geography: Implications for Social Studies Education in Calabar, Nigeria. This study adopted the ex-post facto research design. Two research questions and null hypotheses guided the study. A sample of two hundred (200) respondents were randomly selected for the study using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Two researcher-developed instruments tagged ‘Teaching Method Questionnaire (TMQ)’ and ‘Students’ Geography Engagement Scale (SGES)’ were used for data collection. The instruments were subjected to face validity by an expert in Geography Education and two experts in measurement and evaluation in the College of Education, University of Calabar. The reliability estimate of the instruments were established using the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) analysis was the statistical analysis tool adopted to test the hypotheses under study at .05 level of significance. The results of the analysis revealed that discussion and demonstration teaching methods significantly relate with students’ engagement in Geography. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that teachers should always vary their teaching methods so as to actively engage students in the teaching and learning of Geography and all other school subjects.
Strategic Human Resources Management Practices and Public Primary School Teachers’ Job Effectiveness in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the Influence of Strategic Human Resources Management Practices on Public Primary School Teacher Job effectiveness in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River state, Nigeria. Two hypotheses were posed to guide the study. Ex-post-facto design was adopted for this study. The population of this study was 6,712 teachers in 285 public primary schools in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State. Sampling was done in multiple stages. The sample for the study was 500 teachers determined with the use of Yamane (1969) sample determination formula. Strategic Human Resource Management Practices and Teachers’ Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (SHRMPTJEQ) wasdeveloped by the researcher and validated by three experts for data collection. To ensure the reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was administered on 50 teachers in two public primary schools in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State for trial testing. Cronbach Alpha Reliability Estimate was used to determine the coefficient for the sub-scales which showed that the reliability coefficients .84 to .86 establishing that the instrument was consistent. The instrument was administered by the researcher on the respondents with the aid of seven research assistants. The data generated was analyzed with the use of simple linear and multiple regression analyses at .05 level of significance. The results showed that the P-values (.000) is Significant at .05 level, P < .05this implied that: there is significant relationship between training, promotion and public primary school Teacher job effectiveness. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the Cross River State Government through the State Universal Basic Education Board should: Provide regular and relevant training opportunities to enhance teachers' subject matter expertise, pedagogical skills, and technological proficiency.
Strategic Human Resources Management Practices
Social Work Education Intervention Strategies and Covid-19 Prevention Among Catholic Christian Organizations in Southern Cross River State, Nigeria
The study investigated social work education intervention strategies which resulted in post COVID-19 adjustment among Catholic Christian organizations in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. Nigeria to achieve this purpose, five hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Review of literature was carried out in accordance with the variables of the study. Ex-post-facto research design was used for this study. The target population of the study comprised of all the Catholic faithful in Catholic churches in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. The estimated population of Catholic Church members in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State is 52,698 parishioners including the Priest and the Religious. Simple random and accidental sampling techniques was adopted for the study. The sample of the study comprised of 768 parishioners in the sampled Catholic churches. The instrument used for data collection in this study is a questionnaire titled Social Work Education Intervention Strategies and Covid-19 Prevention Questionnaire” (SWEISCPQ). The instrument was validated by experts in Test and Measurement from the University of Calabar. Data analyses were carried out using Pearson product moment correlation analysis. Findings of the study revealed that the p-value of .000 is Significant at .05 level; p<.05 which implied that; Covid-19 awareness creation and availability of covid-19 prevention gadgets (hand sanitizers, face mask etc) are significantly related to post Covid-19 adjustment among Catholic Christian Organizations in the Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that more effort should be made by the government to promote awareness of infectious diseases such as Covid-19 to prevent resurfacing of the disease.
Social work education intervention strategies
Social Security Services and Sustainable Development in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria
The study investigated Social Security Services as it relates with Sustainable Development in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve this aim, the study formulated a hypothesis based on the variables. The Basic Needs Theory was adopted as theoretical framework and descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The multi–stage sampling techniques involving purposive, systematic, and stratified simple random sampling techniques were adopted to select 400 respondents. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Analysis was used to test the hypothesis. Result of the analysis shows that Social Security Services significantly influence sustainable development in Southern Senatorial Districts of Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the result, it was recommended that Government, NGOs, and other relevant authorities should increase their yearly budget for the provision of adequate Social Security Services to increase economic activities.
Waste Recycling/Reuse and Sustainable Livelihoods In Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
The aimed of the study was to evaluate the influence of waste recycling/reuse and sustainable livelihoods in Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The specific objectives include; to assess the influence of recycling on sustainable livelihood and to determine the relationship of waste reuse on sustainable livelihood. Base on the objectives of the study the following research questions were pose; in what way does waste recycling influence sustainable livelihood and how does waste reuse influence sustainable livelihood? To attain to the research questions, two hypotheses were formulated, thus; there is no significance influence of waste recycling on sustainable livelihood and there is no significance influence of waste reuse and sustainable livelihood. The study adopted survey design, the population and sample size of the study was 1,393,000 and 250 respectively. Purposive and simple random sampling technique were used. The statistical tool used in testing the hypotheses was One Way Analysis of Variance. The result indicated that waste recycling and waste reuse has significant influence on sustainable livelihood in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Therefore, the following are recommended that; there is need for massive enlightenment campaigns to sensitize the people on sustainable waste recycling and reuse as well as outlining it economic benefits, and Government at all level should also consider the option of public-private partnership which has been adopted with huge success in other climes.
Private Security Organizations and Policing in 21st -Century Nigeria
This paper examines the role of private security organizations in policing 21st-century Nigeria. It utilized exploratory research analysis drawing strength majorly from secondary data, including books, journals, internet resources, etc. The paper employed the third-party policing perspective as the theoretical framework of analysis. The paper posits that the role of private security organizations in policing in Nigeria is under-explored and inadequate, thereby undermining the critical role of the sector in national security architecture. The paper recommends among others the integration of private security organizations in national security designs and policies because of their crucial role in policing in Nigeria and government should legislate laws enabling them to bear firearms.
Play And Social Skills Development among Primary Six Pupils in Public Primary Schools Of Calabar Municipality Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria
This study investigated the impact of play on the development of social skills among Primary Six pupils in public primary schools in Calabar Municipality Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The study was guided by four specific objectives and four corresponding research questions, focusing on the relationships between different forms of play—cooperative, imaginative, physical, and solitary—and social skills development. A survey research design was adopted, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Play and Development of Social Skills Questionnaire (PDSSQ). A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 200 pupils across public primary schools in the study area. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed significant positive relationships between all four types of play and the development of social skills, with physical play showing the highest correlation coefficient (r = .786, p < .05), followed by cooperative play (r = .658), imaginative play (r = .451), and solitary play (r = .339). These results suggest that various forms of play significantly contribute to enhancing pupils’ interpersonal communication, emotional regulation, empathy, and peer relationship skills. The study underscores the importance of integrating structured and unstructured play activities into the school curriculum to foster holistic social development among children. It recommends that educators and policymakers prioritize play-based learning strategies to promote emotional and social competence among primary school pupils.
Integrating Urban Sustainability Education into the Curricula of Tertiary Institutions in Calabar Metropolis: Challenges and Opportunities
The study aimed to investigate the integration of Urban Sustainability Education into the curricula of tertiary institutions in Calabar Metropolis, with a particular focus on identifying existing challenges and exploring opportunities for effective implementation. The specific objectives were to identify the key challenges hindering the integration of urban sustainability education into the curricula and to explore opportunities and potential strategies for promoting such education in the University of Calabar (UNICAL) and the Cross River University of Technology (CRUTECH). A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Both primary and secondary sources of data were utilized. The primary data were obtained through structured questionnaires administered to lecturers, students, and curriculum developers, while secondary data were drawn from journals, reports, and policy documents. A sample size of 120 respondents was selected using a stratified random sampling technique to ensure representation from both institutions. Findings revealed several challenges such as lack of institutional policy support, inadequate training of educators, poor funding, and limited awareness about the concept of urban sustainability. However, opportunities such as the availability of environmental science programs, partnerships with sustainability-oriented NGOs, and the rising global emphasis on sustainable development were identified. Hypothesis testing using chi-square analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the identified challenges and the level of integration of urban sustainability education in the selected institutions. The study concluded that without deliberate and strategic efforts, urban sustainability education will remain marginal in tertiary institutions in Calabar. One key recommendation is that educational policymakers should incorporate sustainability education as a core component of tertiary curricula through curriculum review and stakeholder collaboration.
Forest Management Strategies and Sustainability of Forest Resources in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria
This study examined forest management strategies and forest resources in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieved this study, two research question were posed and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study and tested at .05 level of significance. The study adopted correlational research design. The population of the study comprised 312,149 regular household head in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State. The sample comprised 1,230 household head from the four selected local government area that make up Calabar Education Zone. The instrument for data collection was 12 items questionnaires, title: Forest Management Strategies and Sustainability of Forest Resource Questionnaire (FMSSFRQ) was used to administrated questionnaire, data was organized and analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. The result of the analysis revealed that forest regulation strategy and participatory forest management strategy relatively and jointly contributed to sustainable forest resource management. Based on this result, it was concluded that to maintain sustainable forest ecosystem in the zone, pragmatic measure must be put in place to enhance the level of forest management in forest communities. It was recommended among others that forest management agencies should ensure adequate involvement of community members in formulating and enforcing forest conservation policies in forest communities. Secondly, Environmental agencies should take adequate step to encourage reforestation and afforestation in communities in calabar education zone. These will help to enhance sustainable use of forest resources in Calabar Education zone of Cross River State.
Farming Practices and Farmer’s Attitude Towards Forest Conservation in Ogoja Education Zone of Cross River State
This study investigated farming practices and farmer’s attitude towards forest conservation in Ogoja Education Zone of Cross River State. To achieve the purpose of this study, six null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A review of related literature was carried out to examine what has already been documented on the variables of this study by various relevant scholars and researchers in related fields of study. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the twenty seven communities while proportionate simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the seven hundred and three (703) respondents used for the study. A forty-item modified four –point Likert scale questionnaire was the instrument used for gathering data for the study. The questionnaires are validated by three experts in test and measurement and environmental education. The population of the study was 322.597 farmers in Ogoja Education Zone. The reliability of the instrument was established through Cronbach alpha method. To test the hypotheses formulated for the study, simple linear regression and multiple regression statistical tools were used for data analysis. The hypotheses formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The results from data analysis and hypotheses testing indicated a significant positive influence of the effect of shifting cultivation, clear cutting, bush burning, and crop rotation on attitude of farmers towards forest conservation in the study area. Based on these findings it was recommended among others that farmers should be regularly sensitized on the effect of shifting cultivation in order to promote their attitude towards forest conservation positively.
farmer’s attitude towards forest conservation
Examining The Effectiveness of Community-Based Projects in Fostering Environmental Stewardship and Promoting Local Sustainability Initiatives in Cross River State, Nigeria
The study examined the effectiveness of community-based projects in fostering environmental stewardship and promoting local sustainability initiatives in Cross Rivers State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives, three research questions and three null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted and it was carried out in Cross River State. The population for the study was 156 local community members, consisting of 85 adult males and 71 adult females selected from 15 communities in Cross River State. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was face validated by three lecturers in Educational Research Measurement and Evaluation Unit in the Department of Educational Psychology, University of Calabar, Cross River State. Cronbach alpha reliability method was used to ascertain the internal consistency of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained. Data collection was carried out by the researcher and three trained research assistants. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used to analyse the data collected. The findings revealed twelve (12) community-based environmental projects for fostering environmental stewardship and promoting local sustainability initiatives; seventeen (17) impacts of community-based environmental projects for fostering environmental stewardship and promoting local sustainability initiatives; and eighteen (18) strategies for enhancing community engagement in environmental stewardship and local sustainability initiatives in Cross River State among others. Based on the findings, the study concluded that effective community-based projects play crucial roles in enhancing environmental stewardship and local sustainability initiatives. It was recommended that government, NGOs and community leaders should establish regular forums and workshops to promote dialogue among community members, ensuring grassroots participation in environmental stewardship and sustainability initiatives; communities should partner with universities and research institutions to facilitate research, capacity building, and the dissemination of best practices related to sustainability initiatives among others.
Entrepreneurial Mindset Development in Agricultural Production: An Imperative for Enhancing Food Security Among Public University Workers in South-East, Nigeria.
The study determined entrepreneurial mind-set development in agricultural production as an imperative for enhancing food security among public university workers in South-East, Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives and three research questions. A descriptive survey research design was adopted and it was conducted in three Federal Universities in South East, Nigeria. A total population of 330 lecturers was randomly selected from the three Federal Universities and sampled using accidental sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection and it was face validated by three experts in Agriculture and Entrepreneurship. Cronbach alpha reliability method was used to ascertain the internal consistency of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.88 was obtained. Data collection was carried out by the researchers and three research assistants. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data collected. The findings revealed 13 lucrative areas of agricultural production university workers in south east can develop entrepreneurial mind-set in for sustainable food security, 10 benefits of developing entrepreneurial mind-set in agricultural production, and 12 strategies for effective engagement in agricultural production among university workers. Based on the findings, it was concluded that entrepreneurial mind-set development in agricultural production is a vital tool for sustainable food security and survival among university workers. The study recommended that university administrators should allocate available lands to staff interested in agricultural production; Federal government should encourage university workers to embark on massive food production by providing them with soft loans and farm inputs among others.
Education and Pro-Environmental Behaviour: The Role of the Educated Person in Environmental Sustainability
In an era of growing environmental challenges, the responsibility of the educated person has never been more critical. This position paper investigates the vital role education plays in fostering pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) and promoting environmental sustainability, through the lens of Eco-Critical Pedagogy. The global environmental crisis has sparked renewed interest in how educational attainment influences sustainable lifestyle choices. This paper argues that education formal, informal, and non-formal empowers individuals to understand environmental issues, critique unsustainable systems, and engage in transformative actions. Through ecological literacy, ethical reasoning, and active ecocitizenship, educated individuals serve as key agents in challenging dominant exploitative paradigms and shaping a just, sustainable future. Eco-Critical Pedagogy for the educated person, eco-critical pedagogy offers a powerful role: not merely as an informed citizen, but as a critical thinker, ethical actor, and environmental advocate. By confronting dominant ideologies and reimagining sustainable futures, the educated individual becomes instrumental in reshaping public discourse and environmental policy. In essence, eco-critical pedagogy empowers education to function not just as a transmission of environmental knowledge, but as a tool for liberation, restoration, and ecological justice. The paper outlines the multiple roles the educated person can play as a change agent, advocate, professional influencer, and ethical steward and offers recommendations to strengthen their impact at the personal, community, and policy levels. It concludes by advocating for a radical shift in education systems toward critical, justice-driven, and ecologically grounded learning that empowers learners to participate meaningfully in sustainability and environmental transformation.
Demographic Variables and Commitment to Environmental Management among Residents of Ogoja Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria
This study examines demographic variable and commitment to environmental management among residents of Ogoja Education zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. to achieve this study two research questions were posed and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study and was tested at .05 level of significance. The population of the study is 1,163,721 residents. A sample of 580 were adopted using stratified random sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire with 10 items. A four-point modified Likert scale was used to gather responses, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to analyze data. The result indicates that resident educational attainment, income status has a significantly influence commitment to environmental management in the study area. It was recommended among others that residents should be included in any environmental management programme which would be designed to improved commitment to environmental management in spite of the educational attainment.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSRS) of Oil Companies and Indigenes’ Academic Performance in Eket Education Zone, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
The purpose of this study was to investigate Corporate Social Responsibility of Oil Companies toward indigenes’ academic empowerments in Eket Education Zone of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, literature review were carried out accordingly. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of two hundred and seventy-seven (277) respondents were used for the study. The selection was done through the multi-stage sampling technique comprises of purposive, simple random and census sampling technique. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. Regression analysis was the statistical technique employed to test the hypotheses under study. Each hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that, provision of scholarship/bursary award by oil companies and provision of educational materials (text/exercise books, biros/pencils, desks/chairs/tables) by oil companies, significantly contributed to indigenes’ academic performance in host communities. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that Exxon mobile should respect memorandum of understanding sign with the communities in respect of educational development, oil companies should take provision of scholarship/bursary award to student as priority. They should also provide learning materials such as exercise books, mathematical sets, text books, pens, pencils to the host communities
Corporate Social Responsibility of Oil Companies
Climate Change Impacts And The Paris Agreement: Progress, Challenges, And The Way Forward
Climate change is a major pressing global issue that requires immediate attention and action. In response to this global emergency, the Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. However, the extent Paris Agreement has helped in mitigating the global effects of climate change remain a crucial issue to be critically examined. Thus, this position paper assesses climate change impacts and the Paris agreement; progress report, challenges and the way forward. In the study, the discussion of the Causes and effects of climate change, roles of ecosystems in climate change mitigation, the Paris Agreement’s objectives & progress and tracking country progress under the agreement in mitigating climate change and finally the way forward in enhancing the actualization of Paris Agreement was carried out. In conclusion, the Paris Agreement has clocked some successes in the war against the effects of climate change with many more required to derail the impact of climate change, however; the Paris Agreement is a vital international instrument, its objectives for effective climate change mitigation are not yet adequately realized. Based on the issues discussed, the study recommended among others that, Countries should step up their NDCs and long-term strategies to meet the goals set in the Paris Agreement and Developed countries must, on an urgent basis, deliver $100 billion per year for climate action in developing countries.
Assessing the Impact of Sustainable Forest Management Practices on Climate Change Mitigation in Cross River State: An Evaluation of Selective Exploitation and Reafforestation Efforts
The study is on Assessing the Impact of Sustainable Forest Management Practices on Climate Change Mitigation in Cross River State: An Evaluation of Selective Exploitation and Reafforestation Efforts. This study specifically examined the relationship between selective exploitation, reafforestation and climate change mitigation in Cross River State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were raided in line with the objectives of the study. The population of the study consists of 9018 residents consisting of 4397 adult males and 4621 females. The design employed was survey research design. The sample of this study was eight hundred and sixty-five (865) respondents. The instrument for data collection was a 35-item questionnaire titled “Sustainable Forest Resources Management and Climate Change Mitigation Questionnaire” (SFRMCCMQ). The instrument was face and construct validated by two experts from Educational Foundation (Measurement and Evaluation and one from Environmental Education Department, University of Calabar, Calabar Cross River State. The reliability coefficient ranges between 0.72 and 0.85 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha reliability method statistics and was high enough to accept that the instrument was reliable. The simple regression analysis was employed to analyze the five hypotheses in the study. The findings revealed that: there is a significant relationship between selective exploitation, reafforestation on climate change mitigation Cross River State. It was recommended that the farmers should form a formidable and strong association who in conjunction with the Cross River State government to promote selective exploitation as a sustainable forest management practice to mitigate climate change. This can be achieved by providing incentives to forest concessionaires who adopt selective exploitation methods and the farmers should establish a reafforestation program to restore degraded forests and promote carbon sequestration. They should include local communities who then pull their resources/funds together to provide them with economic benefits for participating in reafforestation efforts.
Indigenous Education Systems And Rural Dwellers’ Attitude Towards Tropical Rainforest Resources Conservation In Ikom Education Zone Of Cross River State, Nigeria
This study investigated the relationship between indigenous education systems and attitudes of rural dwellers’ attitude towards tropical rainforest resource conservation in Ikom Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. The investigated variables were indigenous folk media and indigenous educational entertainment. A correlational survey design was used for the study. The study’s population comprised of 1,089,053 (estimated census of the Education Zone) people while purposive proportionate sampling approach was employed to select a sample of 555 respondents from 4 communities. A data collection instrument titled “Indigenous Education Systems and Rural dwellers’ Attitude towards Tropical Rainforest Resources Conservation Questionnaire” (IESRATRRCQ) was used to elicit data for the study. Cronbach Alpha was applied to estimate the instrument’s reliability. The data collected for the study were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and tested at .05 level of significance. The findings revealed that indigenous folk media and indigenous educational entertainment were significant correlates of rural dwellers’ attitudes towards tropical rainforest resource conservation. Among others, it was recommended that Tenets of indigenous knowledge and belief systems which favour appropriate conservation of tropical rainforest resources should be ceaselessly encouraged amongst the locals through non-formal education awareness forums even in the face of seeming westernization within the areas.
tropical rainforest resource conservation
Intercultural Competency in a Globalized World: Preparing Learners for Effective Global Citizenship
In an increasingly interconnected world, fostering intercultural competency is essential for preparing learners to function effectively as global citizens. This study, titled Intercultural Competency in a Globalized World: Preparing Learners for Effective Global Citizenship, examined the relationship between two key intercultural competencies cultural awareness and empathy and learners’ engagement in global citizenship activities. Guided by two null hypotheses, the study employed a survey correlational design to gather quantitative data from a stratified random sample of 280 participants across six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire, and analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. Findings revealed a strong, statistically significant positive relationship between cultural awareness and learners’ levels of global citizenship (r = .654, p = .000), indicating that culturally aware learners are more likely to exhibit global citizenship traits such as intercultural understanding, social responsibility, and collaborative global engagement. Similarly, results showed a moderately strong, statistically significant positive correlation between empathy and learners’ engagement in global citizenship activities (r = .523, p = .000), suggesting that learners with higher empathy are more inclined to participate meaningfully in global issues and intercultural collaboration. These findings align with existing literature and underscore the importance of integrating cultural awareness and empathy into educational practice. The study recommends curriculum reforms to promote intercultural learning, teacher training in global citizenship education, and the inclusion of experiential and reflective learning strategies. Such approaches are crucial for equipping learners with the competencies required to navigate global complexities and contribute to sustainable development, peace, and intercultural cooperation.
Environmental Friendly Behaviour and the Attainment of Sustainable Communities in Ikom Education Zone-Nigeria.
The essence of this study was to investigate environment friendly behaviour and attainment of sustainable communities in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State. To achieve the purpose of this study, two research questions were posed and converted to two null hypotheses that were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Literature was reviewed in accordance with the variables of the study. Survey research design was considered most appropriate for the study. The population of this study consisted of all the farmers, hunters, gathers of forest products and timber dealers residing and operating in Ikom Education Zone of Cross River State. Simple random sampling technique was adopted to select the four local government areas and forty-one communities used for the study. Systematic random sampling technique was also adopted to select the five hundred and twenty (520) respondents used for the study. A thirty-five item four point Likert scale questionnaire was the instrument utilized for the purpose of gathering data for the study. The instrument was properly validated by relevant lecturers. To establish the reliability of the instrument, Cronbach alpha method was employed. In order to test the hypotheses formulated for the study, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression statistical tools were used for analysis of data. The results that were obtained from analysis of data and testing of hypotheses in the study revealed that; There is a significant relationship between tree planting and attainment of sustainable communities there is a significant relationship between water conservation and attainment of sustainable communities. It can be concluded that environment-friendly behaviour contributes positively to the attainment of sustainable communities in the study area.
Farmer’s Background Variables And Attitudes Toward Sustainable Agricultural Practices In Ikom Education Zone Of Cross River State, Nigeria
This study examined Farmer’s Background Variables and Attitude towards Sustainable Agricultural Practices in Ikom Education Zone, Cross River State. Farmers background variables are crucial aspects in the realm of agriculture which enhances agricultural sustainability. This research seeks to contribute valuables insights to the field and potentially inform strategies to promote sustainable farming practices and environment awareness among farmers: During the period of my study three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study Literature review was carried out based on the variables under study. Survey research design was considered most suitable for the study. Stratified and simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the 651 respondents sampled for the study. A validated 20 item four point modified likert scale questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The reliability estimates of the instrument ranged from 0.64-0.80 using Cronbach Alpha method. To test the hypotheses formulated for the study, Independent t-test and one way analysis of variance statistical tools were used. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there is no significant influence of gender, age and Educational level on farmers’ attitude towards sustainable agricultural practices. It was recommended among others that vigorous efforts should be made towards designing joint agricultural management programmes which would stem the tide of unsustainable practices among old and young farmers within the study area.
Shifting Cultivation and Mixed Cropping: Implications for Sustainable Forest Resource Management in Boki Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria.
This study examined the impact of shifting cultivation and mixed cropping on sustainable forest resource management in Boki Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve this objective, two research hypotheses were formulated. The study adopted a survey research design, involving 291 registered farmers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Shifting Cultivation, Mixed Cropping, and Sustainable Forest Resource Management Questionnaire. The instrument’s face and content validity were assessed by an expert, and its reliability was established using the Cronbach Alpha method, yielding coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.89. Regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that shifting cultivation and mixed cropping significantly influence sustainable forest resource management. Based on these findings, it was recommended that both micro- and macro-level government efforts focus on enhancing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. This includes making such strategies more affordable, accessible, and user-friendly through extension education on the sustainable application of relevant technologies.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies And Their Impact On Food Security In The Ikom Agricultural Zone.
This study explores climate change adaptation measures and food security in Ikom Agricultural Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. Three research questions guided the study, with corresponding null hypotheses tested at a 0.05 alpha level. A survey research design was used, employing stratified and proportionate sampling to select 445 respondents. Data were collected through a validated structured questionnaire, “Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Food Security.” Hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression analysis. Findings indicate that improved agricultural technologies significantly enhance food security, while most soil and water conservation practices had little impact. However, agroforestry practices showed a positive statistical relationship with food security. These results highlight the link between climate adaptation strategies and food security, emphasizing the need for effective policy implementation in Cross River State. Policymakers should integrate adaptive measures to strengthen food security and promote sustainable agricultural development. Based on these findings, the study recommends increased adoption of agricultural technologies, reassessment of soil and water conservation efforts, and promotion of agroforestry practices among farmers. These strategies will enhance climate change adaptation, improve food security, and inform policy formulation in Cross River State and similar regions facing climate-related challenges.
Time Series Analysis of Climatic Factors and Forest Resources Availability In Central Cross River State, Nigeria
The study examined Time series analysis of climatic factors and forest resources availability in Central Cross River State, Nigeria. The volumes of rainfall, temperature and relative humidity with other climate characteristics have posed serious threat to forest resources availability and livelihood leading to continuous loss of forest land to agriculture, livestock grazing, development of residential areas, flooding, woodland for timber logging and extractions. The attainment of this purpose led to the formulation of four research questions and one null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. There was review of literatures from relevant Scholars in accordance with the variables of the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Stratified random sampling techniques was used to select local government and communities used for the study, with the sample of three hundred and fifteen (315) respondents used for the study. A twenty item four point modified likert scale questionnaire was the instrument employed for data collection. The research instrument was properly vetted to ensure validity. Cronbach Alpha method was employed to establish reliability of the research instrument. The testing of the hypotheses was done with analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The result that was obtained from analysis of data and hypotheses testing revealed that there was a significant influence of three climate variables on forest resources availability in the study area. Based on these findings it was recommended among others that; Organic farming should be introduced to reduce excess pressure on forestland conversion to farmlands to other uses. The introduction of bag farming and other organic agricultural practices should be encouraged to reduce pressure on forest land. Afforestation and reafforestation should be carried out to at least replace the natural forest landscape with plantation agriculture.
Determinants of Rural Dwellers Participation in Forest Resources Exploitation and Management in Southern Cross River State, Nigeria.
The thrust of this study was to examine the Determinants of rural dwellers participation in forest resources exploitation and management in Southern Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, five hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Literature review was carried out accordingly. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of seven hundred and eighty-six (556) youths was used for the study. The sample was selected through the multi-stage sampling approach involving stratified random sampling technique and accidental sampling techniques. The instruments tagged: Determinants of Rural Dwellers Participation in Forest Resources Exploitation and Management Questionnaire (DRDPFREMQ) was the instrument used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face validation by one expert from Environmental Education and two experts in measurement and evaluation in the Faculty of Education, University of Calabar. The reliability estimate of the instruments was established through Cronbach Alpha reliability method. One Way analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent t-test analysis were the statistical technique employed to test the hypotheses under study. Each hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that, the variables rural dwellers gender, age, educational status, income level and attitude significantly influenced influence participation in forest exploitation and management in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended that government should put in place a sustainable governance structure in the forests communities for a conducive and friendly environment that will ease the burden of the women, being the most vulnerable.
Navigating The Sources and Challenges of Educational Funding In Nigerian Schools: Solutions And Way Forward
Education remains the bedrock of the development of any nation, also, as the driving force behind the socio- economic advancement of a developing nation. Without an adequately funded functional education, no country can develop beyond the level of its education. In Nigeria, the policies of successive government funding have added the value of educational advancement. This paper therefore x-rays the challenges confronting the Nigerian educational funding. By stating the primary objectives of the Nigerian educational system which is to train her citizens to be productive, rational and critical thinkers in solving the emerging social problems and most importantly, to read and write as instructed in the national policy of education. But the challenges ranging from increasing demands for funding in line with the national policy of education of the country, inaccessible quality education, corruption, mismanagement, socio-economic inequality and regional disparities have been hindering the objectives of the educational system. The paper therefore, dives into suggesting the way forward to achieving qualitative, and sustainable educational funding by diversification of sources of funding, winning of grants, public-private partnership, curriculum reunion and redesign among others. The paper concludes that the future of educational funding requires adaptive strategies that will enhance engaging trends.
Agroforestry and Afforestation: Enhancing Sustainable Forest Resource Management in Boki Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria
This study examined the role of agroforestry and afforestation in enhancing sustainable forest resource management in Boki Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve this objective, two research hypotheses were formulated. The study adopted a survey research design, involving 291 registered farmers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled agroforestry, afforestation and Sustainable Forest Resource Management Questionnaire (CEPSFRMQ). The instrument’s face and content validity were assessed by experts, and its reliability was established using the Cronbach Alpha method, yielding coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.89. Regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that agroforestry and afforestation practices significantly influence sustainable forest resource management. Based on these findings, it was recommended that both micro- and macro-level government efforts focus on enhancing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. This includes making such strategies more affordable, accessible, and user-friendly through extension education on the sustainable application of relevant technologies.
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